Chapter 5.1: Cyrus debates the powers of love with Araspas and assesses his allies’ willingness to continue with the pursuit of the Assyrians.
¶ 1
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1. Cyrus orders Cyaxares’ most trusted men to divide his spoils and watch over them…
οἱ μὲν δὴ ταῦτ᾽ ἔπραξάν τε καὶ ἔλεξαν. ὁ δὲ Κῦρος τὰ μὲν Κυαξάρου ἐκέλευσε διαλαβόντας φυλάττειν οὓς ᾔδει οἰκειοτάτους αὐτῷ ὄντας: καὶ ὅσα δὲ ἐμοὶ δίδοτε, ἡδέως, ἔφη, δέχομαι: χρήσεται δ᾽ αὐτοῖς ὑμῶν ὁ ἀεὶ μάλιστα δεόμενος. φιλόμουσος δέ τις τῶν Μήδων εἶπε: καὶ μὴν ἐγώ, ὦ Κῦρε, τῶν μουσουργῶν ἀκούσας ἑσπέρας ὧν σὺ νῦν ἔχεις, ἤκουσά τε ἡδέως κἄν μοι δῷς αὐτῶν μίαν, στρατεύεσθαι ἄν μοι δοκῶ ἥδιον ἢ οἴκοι μένειν. ὁ δὲ Κῦρος εἶπεν: ἀλλ᾽ ἐγώ, ἔφη, καὶ δίδωμί σοι καὶ χάριν οἴομαι σοὶ πλείω ἔχειν ὅτι ἐμὲ ᾔτησας ἢ σὺ ἐμοὶ ὅτι λαμβάνεις: οὕτως ἐγὼ ὑμῖν διψῶ χαρίζεσθαι. ταύτην μὲν οὖν ἔλαβεν ὁ αἰτήσας.
¶ 2
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2. Cyrus summons the young Araspas to watch over his Susan woman…
καλέσας δὲ ὁ Κῦρος Ἀράσπαν Μῆδον, ὃς ἦν αὐτῷ ἐκ παιδὸς ἑταῖρος, ᾧ καὶ τὴν στολὴν ἐκδὺς ἔδωκε τὴν Μηδικήν, ὅτε παρ᾽ Ἀστυάγους εἰς Πέρσας ἀπῄει, τοῦτον ἐκέλευσε διαφυλάξαι αὐτῷ τήν τε γυναῖκα καὶ τὴν σκηνήν:
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3. She is the wife of Abradatas who was away in Bactria when she was taken in battle…
ἦν δὲ αὕτη ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ Ἀβραδάτου τοῦ Σουσίου: ὅτε δὲ ἡλίσκετο τὸ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων στρατόπεδον, ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἔτυχεν ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ ὤν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸν τῶν Βακτρίων βασιλέα πρεσβεύων ᾤχετο: ἔπεμψε δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ Ἀσσύριος περὶ συμμαχίας: ξένος γὰρ ὢν ἐτύγχανε τῷ τῶν Βακτρίων βασιλεῖ: ταύτην οὖν ἐκέλευσεν ὁ Κῦρος διαφυλάττειν τὸν Ἀράσπαν, ἕως ἂν αὐτὸς λάβῃ.
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4. Araspas remarks on Pantheia’s beauty and relates how they found her among her maidens…
κελευόμενος δὲ ὁ Ἀράσπας ἐπήρετο: ἑώρακας δ᾽, ἔφη, ὦ Κῦρε, τὴν γυναῖκα, ἥν με κελεύεις φυλάττειν; μὰ Δί᾽, ἔφη ὁ Κῦρος, οὐκ ἔγωγε. ἀλλ᾽ ἐγώ, ἔφη, ἡνίκα ἐξῃροῦμέν σοι αὐτήν: καὶ δῆτα, ὅτε μὲν εἰσήλθομεν εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτῆς, τὸ πρῶτον οὐ διέγνωμεν αὐτήν: χαμαί τε γὰρ ἐκάθητο καὶ αἱ θεράπαιναι πᾶσαι περὶ αὐτήν: καὶ τοίνυν ὁμοίαν ταῖς δούλαις εἶχε τὴν ἐσθῆτα: ἐπεὶ δὲ γνῶναι βουλόμενοι ποία εἴη ἡ δέσποινα πάσας περιεβλέψαμεν, ταχὺ πάνυ καὶ πασῶν ἐφαίνετο διαφέρουσα τῶν ἄλλων, καίπερ καθημένη κεκαλυμμένη τε καὶ εἰς γῆν ὁρῶσα.
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5. She is conspicuous for her stature, excellence, and grace…
ὡς δὲ ἀναστῆναι αὐτὴν ἐκελεύσαμεν, συνανέστησαν μὲν αὐτῇ ἅπασαι αἱ ἀμφ᾽ αὐτήν, διήνεγκε δ᾽ ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον μὲν τῷ μεγέθει, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῇ ἀρετῇ καὶ τῇ εὐσχημοσύνῃ, καίπερ ἐν ταπεινῷ σχήματι ἑστηκυῖα. δῆλα δ᾽ ἦν αὐτῇ καὶ τὰ δάκρυα στάζοντα, τὰ μὲν κατὰ τῶν πέπλων, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας.
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6. They reassure her that she is being given to a man outstanding in form, judgment, and strength, but she weeps all the more…
ὡς δ᾽ ἡμῶν ὁ γεραίτατος εἶπε, θάρρει, ὦ γύναι: καλὸν μὲν γὰρ κἀγαθὸν ἀκούομεν καὶ τὸν σὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι: νῦν μέντοι ἐξαιροῦμεν ἀνδρί σε εὖ ἴσθι ὅτι οὔτε τὸ εἶδος ἐκείνου χείρονι οὔτε τὴν γνώμην οὔτε δύναμιν ἥττω ἔχοντι, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἡμεῖς γε νομίζομεν, εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος ἀνήρ, καὶ Κῦρος ἄξιός ἐστι θαυμάζεσθαι, οὗ σὺ ἔσῃ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε: ὡς οὖν τοῦτο ἤκουσεν ἡ γυνή, περικατερρήξατό τε τὸν ἄνωθεν πέπλον καὶ ἀνωδύρατο: συνανεβόησαν δὲ καὶ αἱ δμωαί.
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7. Araspas remarks that once they saw her face, neck, and arms it seemed she was the most beautiful woman in Asia…
ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ἐφάνη μὲν αὐτῆς τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος τοῦ προσώπου, ἐφάνη δὲ ἡ δέρη καὶ αἱ χεῖρες: καὶ εὖ ἴσθι, ἔφη, ὦ Κῦρε, ὡς ἐμοί τε ἔδοξε καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασι τοῖς ἰδοῦσι μήπω φῦναι μηδὲ γενέσθαι γυνὴ ἀπὸ θνητῶν τοιαύτη ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ: ἀλλὰ πάντως, ἔφη, καὶ σὺ θέασαι αὐτήν.
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8. Cyrus declines out of fear that he would want to sit there gazing upon her…
καὶ ὁ Κῦρος ἔφη: ναὶ μὰ Δία, πολύ γε ἧττον, εἰ τοιαύτη ἐστὶν οἵαν σὺ λέγεις. τί δαί; ἔφη ὁ νεανίσκος. ὅτι, ἔφη, εἰ νυνὶ σοῦ ἀκούσας ὅτι καλή ἐστι πεισθήσομαι ἐλθεῖν θεασόμενος, οὐδὲ πάνυ μοι σχολῆς οὔσης, δέδοικα μὴ πολὺ θᾶττον ἐκείνη αὖθις ἀναπείσῃ καὶ πάλιν ἐλθεῖν θεασόμενον: ἐκ δὲ τούτου ἴσως ἂν ἀμελήσας ὧν με δεῖ πράττειν καθήμην ἐκείνην θεώμενος.
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9. Araspas argues that human beauty is not capable of compelling a person against his will…
καὶ ὁ νεανίσκος ἀναγελάσας εἶπεν: οἴει γάρ, ἔφη, ὦ Κῦρε, ἱκανὸν εἶναι κάλλος ἀνθρώπου ἀναγκάζειν τὸν μὴ βουλόμενον πράττειν παρὰ τὸ βέλτιστον; εἰ μέντοι, ἔφη, τοῦτο οὕτως ἐπεφύκει, πάντας ἂν ἠνάγκαζεν ὁμοίως.
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10. People love different things and can be compelled to put away their feelings of love…
ὁρᾷς, ἔφη, τὸ πῦρ, ὡς πάντας ὁμοίως καίει; πέφυκε γὰρ τοιοῦτον: τῶν δὲ καλῶν τῶν μὲν ἐρῶσι τῶν δ᾽ οὔ, καὶ ἄλλος γε ἄλλου. ἐθελούσιον γάρ, ἔφη, ἐστί, καὶ ἐρᾷ ἕκαστος ὧν ἂν βούληται: αὐτίκ᾽, ἔφη, οὐκ ἐρᾷ ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφῆς, ἄλλος δὲ ταύτης, οὐδὲ πατὴρ θυγατρός, ἄλλος δὲ ταύτης: καὶ γὰρ φόβος καὶ νόμος ἱκανὸς ἔρωτα κωλύειν.
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11. It is not the same with hunger, thirst, or the experience of hot and cold…
εἰ δέ γ᾽, ἔφη, νόμος τεθείη μὴ ἐσθίοντας μὴ πεινῆν καὶ μὴ πίνοντας μὴ διψῆν μηδὲ ῥιγοῦν τοῦ χειμῶνος μηδὲ θάλπεσθαι τοῦ θέρους, οὐδεὶς ἂν νόμος δυνηθείη διαπράξασθαι ταῦτα πείθεσθαι ἀνθρώπους: πεφύκασι γὰρ ὑπὸ τούτων κρατεῖσθαι. τὸ δ᾽ ἐρᾶν ἐθελούσιόν ἐστιν: ἕκαστος γοῦν τῶν καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ἐρᾷ, ὥσπερ ἱματίων καὶ ὑποδημάτων.
¶ 12
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12. Cyrus questions how love can be a matter of free will when so many are slaves to it…
πῶς οὖν, ἔφη ὁ Κῦρος, εἰ ἐθελούσιόν: ἐστι τὸ ἐρασθῆναι, οὐ καὶ παύσασθαι ἔστιν ὅταν τις βούληται; ἀλλ᾽ ἐγώ, ἔφη, ἑώρακα καὶ κλαίοντας ὑπὸ λύπης δι᾽ ἔρωτα, καὶ δουλεύοντάς γε τοῖς ἐρωμένοις καὶ μάλα κακὸν νομίζοντας πρὶν ἐρᾶν τὸ δουλεύειν, καὶ διδόντας γε πολλὰ ὧν οὐ βέλτιον αὐτοῖς στέρεσθαι, καὶ εὐχομένους ὥσπερ καὶ ἄλλης τινὸς νόσου ἀπαλλαγῆναι, καὶ οὐ δυναμένους μέντοι ἀπαλλάττεσθαι, ἀλλὰ δεδεμένους ἰσχυροτέρᾳ τινὶ ἀνάγκῃ ἢ εἰ ἐν σιδήρῳ ἐδέδεντο. παρέχουσι γοῦν ἑαυτοὺς τοῖς ἐρωμένοις πολλὰ καὶ εἰκῇ ὑπηρετοῦντας: καὶ μέντοι οὐδ᾽ ἀποδιδράσκειν ἐπιχειροῦσι, τοιαῦτα κακὰ ἔχοντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ φυλάττουσι τοὺς ἐρωμένους μή ποι ἀποδρῶσι.
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13. Araspas says that these people are weak knaves…
καὶ ὁ νεανίσκος εἶπε πρὸς ταῦτα: ποιοῦσι γάρ, ἔφη, ταῦτα: εἰσὶ μέντοι, ἔφη, οἱ τοιοῦτοι μοχθηροί: διόπερ οἶμαι καὶ εὔχονται μὲν αἰεὶ ὡς ἄθλιοι ὄντες ἀποθανεῖν, μυρίων δ᾽ οὐσῶν μηχανῶν ἀπαλλαγῆς τοῦ βίου οὐκ ἀπαλλάττονται. οἱ αὐτοὶ δέ γε οὗτοι καὶ κλέπτειν ἐπιχειροῦσι καὶ οὐκ ἀπέχονται τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδάν τι ἁρπάσωσιν ἢ κλέψωσιν, ὁρᾷς ὅτι σὺ πρῶτος, ὡς οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον ὂν τὸ κλέπτειν, αἰτιᾷ τὸν κλέπτοντα καὶ ἁρπάζοντα, καὶ οὐ συγγιγνώσκεις, ἀλλὰ κολάζεις;
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14. Gentlemen, he says, do not touch anything beyond what is right…
οὕτω μέντοι, ἔφη, καὶ οἱ καλοὶ οὐκ ἀναγκάζουσιν ἐρᾶν ἑαυτῶν οὐδ᾽ ἐφίεσθαι ἀνθρώπους ὧν μὴ δεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὰ μοχθηρὰ ἀνθρώπια πασῶν οἶμαι τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν ἀκρατῆ ἐστι, κἄπειτα ἔρωτα αἰτιῶνται: οἱ δέ γε καλοὶ κἀγαθοὶ ἐπιθυμοῦντες καὶ χρυσίου καὶ ἵππων ἀγαθῶν καὶ γυναικῶν καλῶν, ὅμως πάντων τούτων δύνανται ἀπέχεσθαι ὥστε μὴ ἅπτεσθαι αὐτῶν παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον.
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15. Araspas claims that despite having seen Pantheia he has not lost his sense of duty…
ἐγὼ γοῦν, ἔφη, ταύτην ἑωρακὼς καὶ πάνυ καλῆς δοξάσης μοι εἶναι ὅμως καὶ παρὰ σοί εἰμι καὶ ἱππεύω καὶ τἆλλα τὰ ἐμοὶ προσήκοντα ἀποτελῶ.
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16. Cyrus suggests that Araspas has not yet been burned by love…
ναὶ μὰ Δί᾽, ἔφη ὁ Κῦρος: ἴσως γὰρ θᾶττον ἀπῆλθες ἢ ἐν ὅσῳ χρόνῳ ἔρως πέφυκε συσκευάζεσθαι ἄνθρωπον. καὶ πυρὸς γάρ τοι ἔστι θιγόντα μὴ εὐθὺς καίεσθαι καὶ τὰ ξύλα οὐκ εὐθὺς ἀναλάμπει: ὅμως δ᾽ ἔγωγε οὔτε πυρὸς ἑκὼν εἶναι ἅπτομαι οὔτε τοὺς καλοὺς εἰσορῶ. οὐδέ γε σοὶ συμβουλεύω, ἔφη, ὦ Ἀράσπα, ἐν τοῖς καλοῖς ἐᾶν τὴν ὄψιν ἐνδιατρίβειν: ὡς τὸ μὲν πῦρ τοὺς ἁπτομένους καίει, οἱ δὲ καλοὶ καὶ τοὺς ἄπωθεν θεωμένους ὑφάπτουσιν, ὥστε αἴθεσθαι τῷ ἔρωτι.
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17. Araspas insists that this will not happen and Cyrus entrusts her care to him…
θάρρει, ἔφη, ὦ Κῦρε: οὐδ᾽ ἐὰν μηδέποτε παύσωμαι θεώμενος, οὐ μὴ κρατηθῶ ὥστε ποιεῖν τι ὧν μὴ χρὴ ποιεῖν. κάλλιστα, ἔφη, λέγεις: φύλαττε τοίνυν, ἔφη, ὥσπερ σε κελεύω καὶ ἐπιμελοῦ αὐτῆς: ἴσως γὰρ ἂν πάνυ ἡμῖν ἐν καιρῷ γένοιτο αὕτη ἡ γυνή.
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18. Araspas does in fact fall in love with her when he comes to know her goodness…
τότε μὲν δὴ ταῦτ᾽ εἰπόντες διελύθησαν. ὁ δὲ νεανίσκος ἅμα μὲν ὁρῶν καλὴν τὴν γυναῖκα, ἅμα δὲ αἰσθανόμενος τὴν καλοκἀγαθίαν αὐτῆς, ἅμα δὲ θεραπεύων αὐτὴν καὶ οἰόμενος χαρίζεσθαι αὐτῇ, ἅμα δὲ αἰσθανόμενος οὐκ ἀχάριστον οὖσαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιμελομένην διὰ τῶν αὑτῆς οἰκετῶν ὡς καὶ εἰσιόντι εἴη αὐτῷ τὰ δέοντα καὶ εἴ ποτε ἀσθενήσειεν, ὡς μηδενὸς ἐνδέοιτο, ἐκ πάντων τούτων ἡλίσκετο ἔρωτι, καὶ ἴσως οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἔπασχε. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτως ἐπράττετο.
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19. Cyrus, hoping the Medes and allies will remain with him voluntarily, calls them to a meeting…
βουλόμενος δὲ ὁ Κῦρος ἐθελοντὰς μένειν μεθ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ τούς τε Μήδους καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους, συνεκάλεσε πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαιρίους:
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20. Cyrus states his belief that they have joined him to do a favor for Cyrus himself…
ἐπεὶ δὲ συνῆλθον, ἔλεξε τοιάδε. ἄνδρες Μῆδοι καὶ πάντες οἱ παρόντες, ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς οἶδα σαφῶς ὅτι οὔτε χρημάτων δεόμενοι σὺν ἐμοὶ ἐξήλθετε οὔτε Κυαξάρῃ νομίζοντες τοῦτο ὑπηρετεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐμοὶ βουλόμενοι τοῦτο χαρίζεσθαι καὶ ἐμὲ τιμῶντες νυκτοπορεῖν καὶ κινδυνεύειν σὺν ἐμοὶ ἠθελήσατε.
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21. Cyrus says that he is not yet in a position to repay them, but that he will try to do so…
καὶ χάριν τούτων ἐγὼ ὑμῖν ἔχω μέν, εἰ μὴ ἀδικῶ: ἀποδιδόναι δὲ ἀξίαν οὔπω δύναμιν ἔχειν μοι δοκῶ. καὶ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ αἰσχύνομαι λέγων: τὸ δ᾽ ἐὰν μένητε παρ᾽ ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω, τοῦτο, εὖ ἴστε, ἔφη, αἰσχυνοίμην ἂν εἰπεῖν: νομίζω γὰρ ἂν ἐμαυτὸν ἐοικέναι λέγοντι ταῦτα ἕνεκα τοῦ ὑμᾶς μᾶλλον ἐθέλειν παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ καταμένειν. ἀντὶ δὲ τούτου τάδε λέγω: ἐγὼ γὰρ ὑμῖν, κἂν ἤδη ἀπίητε Κυαξάρῃ πειθόμενοι, ὅμως, ἂν ἀγαθόν τι πράξω, πειράσομαι οὕτω ποιεῖν ὥστε καὶ ὑμᾶς ἐμὲ ἐπαινεῖν.
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22. Cyrus vows not to return to Cyxares but to remain truthful to the Hyrcanians…
οὐ γὰρ δὴ αὐτός γε ἄπειμι, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ὑρκανίοις τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὰς δεξιὰς ἃς ἔδωκα ἐμπεδώσω καὶ οὔποτε τούτους προδιδοὺς ἁλώσομαι, καὶ τῷ νῦν διδόντι Γωβρύᾳ καὶ τείχη ἡμῖν καὶ χώραν καὶ δύναμιν πειράσομαι ποιεῖν μὴ μεταμελῆσαι τῆς πρὸς ἐμὲ ὁδοῦ.
¶ 23
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23. He says also that he believes the gods are favoring him and does not want to offend them…
καὶ τὸ μέγιστον δή, θεῶν οὕτω διδόντων περιφανῶς ἀγαθὰ καὶ φοβοίμην ἂν αὐτοὺς καὶ αἰσχυνοίμην ἀπολιπὼν ταῦτα εἰκῇ ἀπελθεῖν. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὕτως, ἔφη, ποιήσω: ὑμεῖς δὲ ὅπως γιγνώσκετε οὕτω καὶ ποιεῖτε, καὶ ἐμοὶ εἴπατε ὅ τι ἂν ὑμῖν δοκῇ.
¶ 24
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24. Artabazus says that Cyrus seems born to be a king…
ὁ μὲν οὕτως εἶπε. πρῶτος δ᾽ ὁ φήσας ποτὲ συγγενὴς τοῦ Κύρου εἶναι εἶπεν: ἀλλ᾽ ἐγὼ μέν, ἔφη, ὦ βασιλεῦ: βασιλεὺς γὰρ ἔμοιγε δοκεῖς σὺ φύσει πεφυκέναι οὐδὲν ἧττον ἢ ὁ ἐν τῷ σμήνει φυόμενος τῶν μελιττῶν ἡγεμών: ἐκείνῳ τε γὰρ αἱ μέλιτται ἑκοῦσαι μὲν πείθονται, ὅπου δ᾽ ἂν μένῃ, οὐδεμία ἐντεῦθεν ἀπέρχεται: ἐὰν δέ ποι ἐξίῃ, οὐδεμία αὐτοῦ ἀπολείπεται: οὕτω δεινός τις ἔρως αὐταῖς τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου ἐγγίγνεται.
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25. Men, he says, seem to instinctively inclined to follow Cyrus…
καὶ πρὸς σὲ δέ μοι δοκοῦσι παραπλησίως πως οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὕτω διακεῖσθαι. καὶ γὰρ εἰς Πέρσας ὅτε παρ᾽ ἡμῶν ἀπῄεις, τίς Μήδων ἢ νέος ἢ γέρων σοῦ ἀπελείφθη τὸ μή σοι ἀκολουθεῖν ἔστε Ἀστυάγης ἡμᾶς ἀπέστρεψεν; ἐπειδὴ δ᾽ ἐκ Περσῶν βοηθὸς ἡμῖν ὡρμήθης, σχεδὸν αὖ ἑωρῶμεν τοὺς φίλους σου πάντας ἐθελουσίους συνεπομένους. ὅτε δ᾽ αὖ τῆς δεῦρο στρατείας ἐπεθύμησας, πάντες σοι Μῆδοι ἑκόντες ἠκολούθησαν.
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26. He says that the Medes feel the same way now, and he vows to remain with Cyrus…
νῦν δ᾽ αὖ οὕτως ἔχομεν ὡς σὺν μὲν σοὶ ὅμως καὶ ἐν τῇ πολεμίᾳ ὄντες θαρροῦμεν, ἄνευ δὲ σοῦ καὶ οἴκαδε ἀπιέναι φοβούμεθα. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι ὅπως ποιήσουσιν αὐτοὶ ἐροῦσιν: ἐγὼ δέ, ὦ Κῦρε, καὶ ὧν ἐγὼ κρατῶ καὶ μενοῦμεν παρὰ σοὶ καὶ ὁρῶντες σὲ ἀνεξόμεθα καὶ καρτερήσομεν ὑπὸ σοῦ εὐεργετούμενοι.
¶ 27
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27. Tigranes then says he will not speak but simply follow where Cyrus commands…
ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἔλεξεν ὁ Τιγράνης ὧδε: σύ, ἔφη, ὦ Κῦρε, μήποτε θαυμάσῃς ἂν ἐγὼ σιωπῶ: ἡ γὰρ ψυχή, ἔφη, οὐχ ὡς βουλεύσουσα παρεσκεύασται ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ποιήσουσα ὅ τι ἂν παραγγέλλῃς.
¶ 28
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28. The Hyrcanian king tells the Medes that they would be foolish to depart…
ὁ δὲ Ὑρκάνιος εἶπεν: ἀλλ᾽ ἐγὼ μέν, ὦ Μῆδοι, εἰ νῦν ἀπέλθοιτε, δαίμονος ἂν φαίην τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν εἶναι τὸ μὴ ἐᾶσαι ὑμᾶς μέγα εὐδαίμονας γενέσθαι: ἀνθρωπίνῃ δὲ γνώμῃ τίς ἂν ἢ φευγόντων πολεμίων ἀποτρέποιτο ἢ ὅπλα παραδιδόντων οὐκ ἂν λαμβάνοι ἢ ἑαυτοὺς διδόντων καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν οὐκ ἂν δέχοιτο, ἄλλως τε καὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος ἡμῖν ὄντος τοιούτου ὃς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ὡς ὄμνυμι ὑμῖν πάντας τοὺς θεούς, εὖ ποιῶν ἡμᾶς μᾶλλον ἥδεσθαι ἢ ἑαυτὸν πλουτίζων.
¶ 29
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29. The Medes declare their willingness to return home only when Cyrus leads them back…
ἐπὶ τούτῳ πάντες οἱ Μῆδοι τοιάδ᾽ ἔλεγον: σύ, ὦ Κῦρε, καὶ ἐξήγαγες ἡμᾶς καὶ οἴκαδε ὅταν ἀπιέναι καιρὸς δοκῇ, σὺν σοὶ ἡμᾶς ἄγε. ὁ δὲ Κῦρος ταῦτα ἀκούσας ἐπηύξατο: ἀλλ᾽, ὦ Ζεῦ μέγιστε, αἰτοῦμαί σε, δὸς τοὺς ἐμὲ τιμῶντας νικῆσαί με εὖ ποιοῦντα.
¶ 30
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30. He then instructs the Persians to divide the tents among themselves and prepare for battle…
ἐκ τούτου ἐκέλευσε τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους φυλακὰς καταστήσαντας ἀμφ᾽ αὑτοὺς ἤδη ἔχειν, τοὺς δὲ Πέρσας διαλαβεῖν τὰς σκηνάς, τοῖς μὲν ἱππεῦσι τὰς τούτοις πρεπούσας, τοῖς δὲ πεζοῖς τὰς τούτοις ἀρκούσας: καὶ οὕτω καταστήσασθαι ὅπως ποιοῦντες οἱ ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς πάντα τὰ δέοντα φέρωσιν εἰς τὰς τάξεις τοῖς Πέρσαις καὶ τοὺς ἵππους τεθεραπευμένους παρέχωσι, Πέρσαις δὲ μηδὲν ἄλλο ᾖ ἔργον ἢ τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ἐκπονεῖν. ταύτην μὲν οὖν οὕτω διῆγον τὴν ἡμέραν.
What is the narrative purpose of contrasting her custodians’ clumsy attempt to reassure her with its (seemingly unexpected) completely opposite effect?
What about the old man’s behavior seems “clumsy”? Maybe it is better seen as tentative or delicate, in which case the old man is preparing us for the outburst (as though he knows this is not going to go over well). This is something like what I imagine Patroclus said to Briseis when he promised to make her the wedded wife of Achilles, after Achilles had slain her husband (Iliad 19.287–300 ), for which treatment she is grateful. I wonder where else earlier we might have examples of the language of reconciling a war prize with her new master. In any case, this is a fascinating scene. Does Pantheia’s reaction highlight her devotion to her husband? Does it embarrass Cyrus that none of his virtues is able to win her over, including his good looks? Does it instead reflect positively on Cyrus’ leadership that noble couples are able to experience such romantic love for one another without threatening or humiliating their supreme leader (especially because this scene creates an opportunity for Cyrus to reunite Pantheia with her husband)? In a similar scene the Armenians collectively marvel at Cyrus’ virtues (including his beauty), but these are not enough to distract the wife of Tigranes from her devotion to her husband, who is also reunited, in effect, with Tigranes because of Cyrus’ generosity (Cyropaedia 3.1.41 ). It is also interesting to note that the reason Xenophon gives for why we, as readers, should follow his story is that Cyrus is “worthy of admiration” (Cyropaedia 1.1.6 ). What, again, does this say about Cyrus as an object of romantic interest? Is the best leader doomed to a life of lovelessness? For Pantheia as an Andromache-figure (and thus Abradatas as Hector), see Delebecque 1978:36 and Gera 1993:237–239 .
Xenophon has a term, “worthy of erotic love” (cf. ἀξιέρασταCyropaedia 5.2.8 ), which he has Cyrus use to describe children (specifically the daughter of Gobryas who has been offered to him, but whom Cyrus also passes up, later to pair her with Hystaspas, who would become the father of Darius). The term also appears in Xenophon’s Symposium to describe the soul (Cyropaedia 8.14.4 ). The only other time the term appears in the fourth century or before is in two fragments of Antisthenes .
This is quite fascinating. As far as the clumsiness of the approach assumed by my question, I suppose my reading is colored by having read the adaptation of the scene inChariton first; there it is clearer, since the guard who addresses Callirhoe acts on his own initiative, that consolation is his goal and the promise of a superior husband is the means to that end, rather than a necessary piece of information that must be communicated, which makes the guard’s assumption that Callirhoe’s grief can be assuaged simply by replacing her husband with a new, better one (cf., on the humorous side, the “Widow of Ephesus” in Petronius Satyricon 111-112 ).
This highlights one of the problems inherent in trying to interpret this scene: how we interpret the guard’s address to Pantheia depends at least in part on his motivation in speaking to her in the first place. If, on the one hand, it is necessary for him to communicate the fact that she has been chosen for Cyrus to her, then you are surely right that he is trying to break that news as gently as possible by praising Cyrus’ qualities. I see nothing in Araspas’ account, however, that suggests they are under any compulsion to tell her anything. If, on the other hand, he is telling her this in an attempt to console her (which is suggested to me by the description of her tears which immediately precedes the report of this speech, as well as the opening imperative tharrei), it seems to reflect a poor understanding of what is upsetting her in the first place to praise another husband to replace her old one as consolation. Again, though, my reading is surely colored by Chariton’s expansion of the emotional potential inherent here, since he has Callirhoe not only weep at the guard’s speech, but also deliver a speech in reply, where she declares that marriage is the last thing she wants, and that she would rather kill herself.
I think I see the distinction you are drawing when you say the old man has a “poor understanding of what is upsetting her”. Do you mean to say that the old man seems to assume that Pantheia would be worried about the character of her new master and thus to try to console her by referencing all of Cyrus’ good qualities? If we compare this scene to the one of Tigranes and his wife, it would seem that what Pantheia is most worried about is not the character of her master but his level of love/devotion (which may be synonymous or at least interconnected?) to her. This scene almost reminds me of New Comedy, with Cyrus cast by the old man in the role of the braggart soldier, esp. the reference to his dynamis.
On a related note, I wonder if there is any difference between the reference to Cyrus’ “form” here (to eidos) and his beauty (to kallos) inCyropaedia 3.1.41 . #beauty